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  1. The Norton Anthology of American Literature, Shorter Eighth Edition, features a diverse and balanced variety of works and thorough but judicious editorial apparatus throughout. The new edition, which also newly includes much-requested authors and selections and 130 in-text images, remains an unmatched value for students.
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The Norton Anthology Of American Literature

Author : Baym, Nina
ISBN : 9780393913095
Genre : Literary Collections
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The Eighth Edition features a diverse and balanced variety of works and thorough but judicious editorial apparatus throughout. The new edition also includes more complete works, much-requested new authors, 170 in-text images, new and re-thought contextual clusters, and other tools that help instructors teach the course they want to teach.

The Norton Anthology Of American Literature

Author : Nina Baym
ISBN : 1417787910
Genre : Literary Collections
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For use in schools and libraries only. The Eighth Edition features a diverse and balanced variety of works and thorough but judicious editorial apparatus throughout. The new edition also includes more complete works, much-requested new authors, 170 in-text images, new and re-thought contextual clusters, and other tools that help instructors teach the course they want to teach...

Edinburgh Introduction To Studying English Literature

Author : Dermot Cavanagh
ISBN : 9780748691340
Genre : Literary Criticism
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This introduction to the tools required for literary study provides all the skills, background and critical knowledge which students require to approach their study of literature with confidence.

A Short Literary History Of The United States

Author : Mario Klarer
ISBN : 9781317701521
Genre : Literary Criticism
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A Short Literary History of the United States offers an introduction to American Literature for students who want to acquaint themselves with the most important periods, authors, and works of American literary history. Comprehensive yet concise, it provides an essential overview of the different currents in American literature in an accessible, engaging style. This book features: the pre-colonial era to the present, including new media formats the evolution of literary traditions, themes, and aesthetics readings of individual texts, contextualized within American cultural history literary theory in the United States a core reading list in American Literature an extended glossary and study aid. This book is ideal as a companion to courses in American Literature and American Studies, or as a study aid for exams.

The Norton Anthology American Literature Volume 1 Beginning To 1865 Shorter 8th Ed

Author : Nina Baym
ISBN : OCLC:1014173691
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Divine Horror

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Norton Anthology Of American Literature 8th Edition Free Download Pdf



From Rosemary’s Baby (1968) to The Witch (2015), horror films use religious entities to both inspire and combat fear and to call into question or affirm the moral order. Churches provide sanctuary, clergy cast out evil, religious icons become weapons, holy ground becomes battleground—but all of these may be turned from their original purpose. This collection of new essays explores fifty years of genre horror in which manifestations of the sacred or profane play a material role. The contributors explore portrayals of the war between good and evil and their archetypes in such classics as The Omen (1976), The Exorcist (1973) and Dracula Has Risen from the Grave (1968), as well as in popular franchises like Hellraiser and Hellboy and cult films such as God Told Me To (1976), Thirst (2009) and Frailty (2001).

The Norton Anthology Of American Literature

Author : Nina Baym
ISBN : 039352275X
Genre : American literature
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The Norton Anthology Of American Literature I E V 4 1914 1945

Author : Nina Baym
ISBN : LCCN:2011038279
Genre : American literature
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The Eighth Edition features a diverse and balanced variety of works and thorough but judicious editorial apparatus throughout. The new edition also includes more complete works, much-requested new authors, 170 in-text images, new and re-thought contextual clusters, and other tools that help instructors teach the course they want to teach.

Managing Diversity

Author : Anders Olsson
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The Traumatic Colonel

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Norton Anthology Of American Literature 8th Edition

Michael J. Drexler
ISBN : 9781479875795
Genre : History
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In American political fantasy, the Founding Fathers loom large, at once historical and mythical figures. In The Traumatic Colonel, Michael J. Drexler and Ed White examine the Founders as imaginative fictions, characters in the specifically literary sense, whose significance emerged from narrative elements clustered around them. From the revolutionary era through the 1790s, the Founders took shape as a significant cultural system for thinking about politics, race, and sexuality. Yet after 1800, amid the pressures of the Louisiana Purchase and the Haitian Revolution, this system could no longer accommodate the deep anxieties about the United States as a slave nation. Drexler and White assert that the most emblematic of the political tensions of the time is the figure of Aaron Burr, whose rise and fall were detailed in the literature of his time: his electoral tie with Thomas Jefferson in 1800, the accusations of seduction, the notorious duel with Alexander Hamilton, his machinations as the schemer of a breakaway empire, and his spectacular treason trial. The authors venture a psychoanalytically-informed exploration of post-revolutionary America to suggest that the figure of “Burr” was fundamentally a displaced fantasy for addressing the Haitian Revolution. Drexler and White expose how the historical and literary fictions of the nation’s founding served to repress the larger issue of the slave system and uncover the Burr myth as the crux of that repression. Exploring early American novels, such as the works of Charles Brockden Brown and Tabitha Gilman Tenney, as well as the pamphlets, polemics, tracts, and biographies of the early republican period, the authors speculate that this flourishing of political writing illuminates the notorious gap in U.S. literary history between 1800 and 1820.

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The Spectator from 7 June 1711

The Spectator was a daily publication founded by Joseph Addison and Richard Steele in England, lasting from 1711 to 1712. Each 'paper', or 'number', was approximately 2,500 words long, and the original run consisted of 555 numbers, beginning on 1 March 1711.[1] These were collected into seven volumes. The paper was revived without the involvement of Steele in 1714, appearing thrice weekly for six months, and these papers when collected formed the eighth volume. Eustace Budgell, a cousin of Addison's, and the poet John Hughes also contributed to the publication.

  • 3Works
  • 7Bibliography

Aims[edit]

In Number 10, Mr. Spectator states that The Spectator will aim 'to enliven morality with wit, and to temper wit with morality'. The journal reached an audience of thousands of people every day, because 'the Spectators was something that every middle-class household with aspirations to looking like its members took literature seriously would want to have.'[2] He hopes it will be said he has 'brought philosophy out of closets and libraries, schools, and colleges, to dwell in clubs and assemblies, at tea-tables and coffee–houses'. Women specifically were also a target audience for The Spectator, because one of the aims of the periodical was to increase the number of women who were 'of a more elevated life and conversation.' Steele states in The Spectator, No. 10, 'But there are none to whom this paper will be more useful than to the female world.'[3] He recommends that readers of the paper consider it 'as a part of the tea-equipage' and set aside time to read it each morning.[4]The Spectator sought to provide readers with topics for well-reasoned discussion, and to equip them to carry on conversations and engage in social interactions in a polite manner.[5] In keeping with the values of Enlightenment philosophies of their time, the authors of The Spectator promoted family, marriage, and courtesy.

Readership[edit]

Title pages of the c. 1788 edition of the collected edition of Addison and Steele's The Spectator

Despite a modest daily circulation of approximately 3,000 copies, The Spectator was widely read; Joseph Addison estimated that each number was read by thousands of Londoners, about a tenth of the capital's population at the time. Contemporary historians and literary scholars, meanwhile, do not consider this to be an unreasonable claim; most readers were not themselves subscribers but patrons of one of the subscribing coffeehouses. These readers came from many stations in society, but the paper catered principally to the interests of England's emerging middle class—merchants and traders large and small.

The Spectator also had many readers in the American colonies. In particular, James Madison read the paper avidly as a teenager. It is said to have had a big influence on his world view, lasting throughout his long life.[6]

Jürgen Habermas sees The Spectator as instrumental in the formation of the public sphere in 18th century England.[7] Although The Spectator declares itself to be politically neutral, it was widely recognised as promoting Whig values and interests.

The Spectator continued to be popular and widely read in the late 18th and 19th centuries. It was sold in eight-volume editions. Its prose style, and its marriage of morality and advice with entertainment, were considered exemplary. The decline in its popularity has been discussed by Brian McCrea and C. S. Lewis.

Works[edit]

Inkle and Yarico[edit]

In The Spectator, No.11, Steele created a frame narrative that would come to be an incredibly well known story in the eighteenth century, the story of Inkle and Yarico. Although the periodical essay was published on March 13 of 1711, the story is based on Richard Ligon's publication in 1647. Ligon's publication, A True and Exact History of the Island of Barbadoes, reports on how the cruelties of the transatlantic slave trade contribute to slave-produced goods such as tobacco and sugarcane. Mr. Spectator goes to speak with an older woman, Arietta, whom many people visit to discuss various topics. When Mr. Spectator enters the room, there is already another man present speaking with Arietta. They are discussing 'constancy in love,' and the man uses the tale of The Ephesian Matron to support his point. Arietta is insulted and angered by the man's hypocrisy and sexism. She counters his tale with one of her own, the story of Inkle and Yarico. Thomas Inkle, a twenty-year-old man from London, sailed to the West Indies to increase his wealth through trade. While on an island, he encounters a group of Indians, who battle and kill many of his shipmates. After fleeing, Inkle hides in a cave where he discovers Yarico, an Indian maiden. They become enamored with one another's clothing and physical appearances, and Yarico for the next several months hides her lover from her people and provides him with food and fresh water. Eventually, a ship passes, headed for Barbadoes, and Inkle and Yarico use this opportunity to leave the island. After reaching the English colony, Inkle sells Yarico to a merchant, even after she tells him that she is pregnant. Arietta closes the tale stating that Inkle simply uses Yarico's declaration to argue for a higher price when selling her. Mr. Spectator is so moved by the legend that he takes his leave. Steele's text was so well known and influential that seven decades after his publication, George Colman modified the short story into a comic opera, showcasing three relationships between characters of varying social statuses to reach multiple audiences.

See also[edit]

  • Bully Dawson, mentioned in The Spectator as being kicked by 'Sir Roger de Coverley' in a public coffee house
  • The Spectator, a current weekly British conservative magazine, which borrows its name from the 1711 publication

Notes[edit]

  1. ^Information Britain
  2. ^'Joseph Addison & Richard Steele'. The Open Anthology of Literature in English. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
  3. ^Felsenstein, Frank, ed. (1999). English Trader, Indian Maid: Representing Gender, Race, and Slavery in the New World. Johns Hopkins UP.
  4. ^Addison, Joseph (1837). The Works of Joseph Addison, Vol. I, p.31. Harper & Brothers.
  5. ^Bowers, Terence. 'Universalizing Sociability: The Spectator, Civic Enfranchisement, and the Rule(s) of the Public Sphere.' In Newman, Donald J., ed. (2005). The Spectator: Emerging Discourses, pp. 155-56. University of Delaware Press.
  6. ^Ralph Ketcham, James Madison, A Biography, 1971, pp. 39-48
  7. ^Habermas, Jürgen (1989). The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere: An Inquiry Into a Category of Bourgeois Society. Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

References[edit]

  • The Spectator Nos. 1, 2, 10 [Addison], 1710–11.
  • Brian McCrea, Addison and Steele are Dead: The English Department, Its Canon, and the Professionalization of Literary Criticism
  • C. S. Lewis, 'Addison' in Eighteenth Century English Literature: Modern Essays in Criticism ed. James Clifford.

Bibliography[edit]

Editions[edit]

The standard edition of The Spectator is Donald F. Bond's edition in five volumes, published in 1965.[1] Selections can be found in The Norton Anthology of English Literature.

  • Ross, Angus (ed.) Selections from The Tatler and The Spectator (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1982) ISBN0-14-043-130-6. Edited with an introduction and notes. Out of print.

Further reading[edit]

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  • Henry W. Kent (1903). 'Spectator'. Bibliographical Notes on One Hundred Books Famous in English Literature. NY: Grolier Club.

External links[edit]

  • The Spectator, Volumes 1, 2 and 3: With Translations and Index for the Series at Project Gutenberg (transcription of 1891 republication)
  • Dear Mr Spectator, series 2 (BBC series by Elizabeth Kuti, adapted from and inspired by Joseph Addison and Richard Steele's 18th century Spectator essays)
  • ^Greenblatt, Stephen (ed.). The Norton Anthology of English Literature (8th ed.). p. A49. ISBN0393925315.
  • Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Spectator_(1711)&oldid=874467305'